Powder Bed Fusion

Process description

Although it can use a number of different materials the main use of powder bed fusion is being a convenient way to print metal parts. spreading a layer a powdered material over the entire print surface, and then selectively melting the sections that will be in the final part. another layer is then added on top of the last repeating the process until the part is completed. after the part is thoroughly cleaned and scrubbed to remove exes powder.

Strengths

• built in support system: The excess powder supports the print so there's no need to add printed supports
• in house metal components: PBF can be small enough to fit into a variety of spaces. this allows for organizations to create metal prototypes

Weaknesses

• High energy use: melting metal takes much more energy then melting thermoplastics.
• Surface finish: Powder bed fusion generally has a rough surface finish that mimics the grain size of the material.
• material properties: the way that parts are formed creates a weaker grain structure then a cast part made out of the same material.

	Low	High
volume X/Y/Z (mm)	250/250/325	800/400/500
resolution (mm)	.06	.1
layer height (um)	20	120
price ($)		1600000

Technologies

There are a number of specific technologies that can vastly change to capabilities of a printer.

Selective laser sintering (SLS) this is the general term for most non metal powder bed fusion technologies. the title refers to the fact that the heat source only adds enough energy to fuse the powder instead of fully melting it. this gives an alternative for materials that material extrusion might struggle to print such as nylon or softer thermoplastics.

selective laser melting (SLM) in contrast to sls, slm refers to most processes of metal powder bed fusion. the energy added completely melted making the internal structure more homogenous. this technique allows for fully metal prototypes relatively easily. these parts will require supports to prevent warping due to temperature changes