Vat Polymerization: Difference between revisions

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== Process description==
== Process description==
Vat polymerization was the first additive manufacturing developed in 1986 by Charles hull. it starts with a print plate being lowered  to the top of a vat filled with a photoreactive resin. a light source is then used to cure the first layer direct on the build plate. the build plate is then raised so the next layer can be cured directly onto the last. this is repeated until the part is complete. the part then must be put through a washing process, and then a final cure with a strong light.
[[File:Resin print.png|right|frameless]]
Vat polymerization was first developed by Charles Hull in 1986. This process starts with a print plate being placed on the very top of a vat filled with a photo-reactive resin. A light source is then used to cure the first layer and bond it to the bottom of the plate. The plate is then raised so that the next layer is cured directly onto the last. This is repeated until the part is complete. The part then washed and further hardened with a strong light.


==strengths==
== Strengths & Weaknesses ==


* fine detail: since detail is limited by screen resolution this allows for extremally fine details, and an excellent surface finish
=== Strengths ===
*clear parts: the fine detail, and material used allows for vp printing to create more clear parts then other processes
* '''High resolution and surface finish:''' This process has the highest resolution of all additive manufacturing technologies since detail is only limited by screen resolution
*'''Clear parts:''' The material used in Vat Polymerization allows for the creation of clear parts.


== weaknesses==
=== Weaknesses ===
* '''Toxic materials:''' Most materials used in Vat Polymerization are generally extremely toxic, and should be handled with care. Protective equipment should be worn, and printing should always be done with proper ventilation to protect against toxic fumes.
* '''Weaker material properties:''' Resins that are used in this process tend to be brittle and not very tough.
* '''Post processing:''' VP parts need to be cleaned of wet resin, and cured a second time to ensure hardness and layer bonding.
*'''Resin degradation:''' Resins tend to degrade in color and strength over time, especially if exposed to environmental elements.


* Toxic materials: Most materials that VP printers use are generally extremally toxic, and should be handled with care. protective equipment should be worn, And vp printing should always be done with proper ventilation to protect against toxic fumes.
== Machine Ranges ==
* weaker material properties
Vat Polymerization produces relatively small parts with the highest resolution of any technologies. Printers can be affordable, or on the more expensive side, depending on the size and quality of prints desired.
* post processing: VP parts need to be cleaned of wet resin, and  
* Resin degradation: resins tend to degrade in color and strength over time. especially if exposed to the elements 
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{| class="wikitable"
!
!
!Low
!Worst
!High
!Best
|-
|-
|volume X/Y/Z (mm)
|volume X/Y/Z (mm)
Line 27: Line 31:
|-
|-
|layer height (um)
|layer height (um)
|25
|15
|15
|25
|-
|-
|price ($)
|price ($)
|500,000
|450
|450
|500,000
|-
|Weight kg
|1724
|5
|-
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|12
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[[File:ProX 950.jpg|none|thumb|[https://www.3dsystems.com/3d-printers/prox-950 ProX 950]<nowiki/>]]
{| class="wikitable"
!Build Volume
!Layer Height
! Resolution
!Size xyz
!power
!Price
!Weight
|-
|1500/750/550mm
|50um
|.13mm
|2200/1600/2260mm
|1450mW
|Requires Quote
|907
|}[[File:Form 3+.webp|none|thumb|[https://shorturl.at/ptwAX form 3+]]]
{| class="wikitable"
!Build volume
!Layer Height
! Resolution
!Size xyz
!Power
!Price
!Weight
|-
|145/145/145mm
|25um
|.025mm
|386/389/458mm
|250mw
|2,499$
|17.5
|}
|}
==Technologies==
==Technologies==
There are a number of specific technologies that can vastly change to capabilities of a printer.
There are two main technologies used for curing resins in Vat Polymerization printing:
 
* '''Digital Light Processing''' (DLP): This uses a projector to cast the entire image of each layer for curing at the same time. This process is fast but with the trade off of decreasing accuracy.
 
* '''Stereolithography''': This processes uses a laser to cure a single section of the layer at a time, similar to Powder Bed Fusion. This enables higher resolution parts, but is slower.
 
==Navigation==
 
*[https://omic-am.mme.pdx.edu/index.php/Main_Page?veaction=edit Home page]
 
*[[Material extrusion|Material Extrusion]]
the main differences between vat polymerization processes is what kind of light source is used
*[[Powder Bed Fusion]]
*[[Vat Polymerization]]
*[[Direct Energy Deposition]]
*[[Binder Jetting]]
*[[Material Jetting]]
*[[Sheet Lamination]]


'''LIght sources''' 
==References==
Rosen, Stucker, and Khorasani, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, chap. 4.


* Digital Light Processing: uses a projection of the layer to cure the entire thing at the same time. this makes it very fast but with the trade off of decreasing accuracy.  
“Photopolymerization - VAT, SLA, DLP, CDLP | Make.” Accessed October 6, 2023. <nowiki>https://make.3dexperience.3ds.com/processes/photopolymerization</nowiki>.
* Stereolithography: uses a light beam to cure a layer one line at a time, this makes it accurate, but slower

Latest revision as of 14:44, 13 October 2023

Process description

Resin print.png

Vat polymerization was first developed by Charles Hull in 1986. This process starts with a print plate being placed on the very top of a vat filled with a photo-reactive resin. A light source is then used to cure the first layer and bond it to the bottom of the plate. The plate is then raised so that the next layer is cured directly onto the last. This is repeated until the part is complete. The part then washed and further hardened with a strong light.

Strengths & Weaknesses

Strengths

  • High resolution and surface finish: This process has the highest resolution of all additive manufacturing technologies since detail is only limited by screen resolution
  • Clear parts: The material used in Vat Polymerization allows for the creation of clear parts.

Weaknesses

  • Toxic materials: Most materials used in Vat Polymerization are generally extremely toxic, and should be handled with care. Protective equipment should be worn, and printing should always be done with proper ventilation to protect against toxic fumes.
  • Weaker material properties: Resins that are used in this process tend to be brittle and not very tough.
  • Post processing: VP parts need to be cleaned of wet resin, and cured a second time to ensure hardness and layer bonding.
  • Resin degradation: Resins tend to degrade in color and strength over time, especially if exposed to environmental elements.

Machine Ranges

Vat Polymerization produces relatively small parts with the highest resolution of any technologies. Printers can be affordable, or on the more expensive side, depending on the size and quality of prints desired.

Worst Best
volume X/Y/Z (mm) 96/54/127 380/380/250
resolution (mm) .05 .003
layer height (um) 25 15
price ($) 500,000 450
Weight kg 1724 5
build rate 2 12
ProX 950
Build Volume Layer Height Resolution Size xyz power Price Weight
1500/750/550mm 50um .13mm 2200/1600/2260mm 1450mW Requires Quote 907
form 3+
Build volume Layer Height Resolution Size xyz Power Price Weight
145/145/145mm 25um .025mm 386/389/458mm 250mw 2,499$ 17.5

Technologies

There are two main technologies used for curing resins in Vat Polymerization printing:

  • Digital Light Processing (DLP): This uses a projector to cast the entire image of each layer for curing at the same time. This process is fast but with the trade off of decreasing accuracy.
  • Stereolithography: This processes uses a laser to cure a single section of the layer at a time, similar to Powder Bed Fusion. This enables higher resolution parts, but is slower.

Navigation

References

Rosen, Stucker, and Khorasani, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, chap. 4.

“Photopolymerization - VAT, SLA, DLP, CDLP | Make.” Accessed October 6, 2023. https://make.3dexperience.3ds.com/processes/photopolymerization.

Retrieved from "https://omic-am.mme.pdx.edu/index.php?title=Vat_Polymerization&oldid=257"